Everything on a synchrotron accelerator was designed to the objective to produce the synchrotron light, but the element who is the last responsible to generate this light is the Undolator. Everything moves arround this element.
I do not like to transcribe what there are in the Wikipedia, it is enough with the link. But I want to profit to highlight something, because is here where is defined the brilliance of the beamline who will use this synchrotron x-rays. This is the element who decide witch is the most brilliant synchrotron.
Far from an older annotation here, that someone could have the (false) impression that the world synchrotrons have a competition to play again who have the most brilliant source or who have the most energetic electron beam; this is too far to the reality. The energies of the synchrotrons depends much more about the destination of this light that the number that it have.
Yes, everyone likes to have the biggest one, but at the same time you need to realize the they have less brilliant source for other applications. An the number of GeV of one synchrotron have a translation to money, and a more powerful undolator cost more money, then the brilliance have a cost on the facility finances...
Actualization: I want to say one thing more. I will tell something about the main instruments in a beamline, one by one. I found this image from the diamond synchrotron.
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